耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯:耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌相关风险要素及防治研究进展

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中国现代医生
2019年10月29日 13:25

洪佳莉 吴军华 邱海燕

[摘要] 碳青霉烯类药物的不合理运用,导致碳青霉烯类药物耐药的菌株数量激增。碳青霉烯类耐药菌株中,耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌占有重要份额。耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯杆菌自1997年被初次报导后,至今在全球多个国家均有报导,有些区域乃至呈现了爆发盛行。比照前几年细菌耐药监测数据,我国耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯杆菌的检出率呈不断上升趋势。耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌与碳青霉烯类灵敏肺炎克雷伯菌比较,具有更高的致死率。本文就盛行病学现状、相关风险要素、防治办法方面临耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的研讨进展进行总述。

[关键词] 肺炎克雷伯菌;耐碳青霉烯类;风险要素;防治

[中图分类号] R563.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)08-0161-04

Research progress of relevant risk factors of carbapenems-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and its prevention and treatment

HONG Jiali1 WU Junhua2 QIU Haiyan2

1.The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, China; 2.Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Childrens Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China; 3.Department of Pediatric Vasculocardiology, Ningbo Women and Childrens Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China

[Abstract] The unreasonable use of carbapenems has led to an explosion in the number of resistant strains of carbapenems. Among carbapenems-resistant strains, carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae accounts for a significant proportion. Carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported in many countries around the world since it was first reported in 1997. Outbreaks have appeared in some areas even. Compared with the previous years, the data of bacterial resistance surveillance showed that the detection rate of carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China was on an upward trend. Carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has a higher lethality than carbapenems-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this paper, the progress of studies on the current status of epidemiology, related risk factors, prevention and treatment measures of carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are reviewed.

[Key words] Klebsiella pneumoniae; Carbapenems-resistant; Risk factors; Prevention and treatment

肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae,KP)臨床检出排名仅次于大肠埃希菌的革兰阴性菌,是重要的条件致病菌之一。机体免疫力低下时,形成呼吸道、泌尿道、皮肤安排等多部位感染[1]。碳青霉烯类抗生素归于非典型β-内酰胺类抗生素,具有对β-内酰胺酶高度安稳及广谱抗菌活性特色,是革兰阴性杆菌严峻感染的临床一线药物。可是,因为抗生素的不合理的挑选及运用,碳青霉烯类耐药菌株数量激增。继1997年首例耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,CRKP)被报导[2]。迄今,CRKP在全球多个国家均有报导,有些国家或区域乃至呈现了爆发盛行[3-5]。与碳青霉烯类灵敏KP比较较,CRKP具有更高的致死率。本文将对CRKP的盛行病学现状、风险要素及防治办法进行总述。

1 CRKP的盛行病学现状

1997年,有研讨[2]报导了首例CRKP。现在,CRKP在国际多个国家均有报导,例如美国、英国、新加坡、我国等。2015年我国全国细菌耐药监测网数据计算显现[6],2015年国内共有21个不同区域的CRKP检出率添加,耐药菌株仍首要会集在华东区域。KP对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率平均为7.6%。比照前几年细菌耐药监测数据,我国CRKP检出率呈不断上升趋势[7]。

不同区域CRKP的定植率各有不同。Zarakolu P等[8]对土耳其某家医院2009~2013年CRKP定植及感染状况进行回忆性剖析,成果显现CRKP定植率为6.8%(279/4105),其间有8例CRKP定植的患者发生了CRKP血流感染。该研讨中定植患者年纪中位数为56.7岁,其间165例为男性。

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