小儿先天性心脏病的体现:七氟醚预处理对先天性心脏病患儿术后肺维护的影响

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中国当代医药
2019年09月19日 19:37

胡杰++苏新娟

[摘要] 意图 调查七氟醚预处理对先天性心脏病患儿心脏术后肺维护的影响。 办法 择期先天性房距离、室距离残缺患儿60例,按随机数字表法分为七氟醚组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组各30例。两组用相同药物剂量诱导后,S组先给予5%~6%七氟醚吸入保持4 MAC(最小肺泡浓度)30 min,C组静脉注射丙泊酚保持效应室浓度2~4 μg/ml 30 min,气管插管全身麻醉,在体外循环前(T1),体外循环完毕(T2),术后1 d(T3),术后3 d(T4)别离抽取患儿静脉血2 ml,检测血清丙二醛(MDA)和白介素-6(IL-6)的含量。 成果 与C组比较,S组T2、T3的MDA、IL-6含量削减(P<0.05),两组T4的MDA、IL-6含量比较,差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。C组:与T1比较,T2、T3的MDA、IL-6含量升高(P<0.05),S组T2、T3时也升高,但差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。 定论 七氟醚预处理经过削减先天性心脏病患儿血液MDA的发作,安稳IL-6的含量,削减肺的氧化损害和炎症反响,然后起到肺维护的效果。

[要害词] 七氟醚;先天性心脏病;肺维护

[中图分类号] R725.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)08(a)-0089-03

Influence of sevoflurane as pretreatment on pulmonary protection in pediatric patient with congenital heart disease after surgery

HU Jie SU Xin-juan

Department of Anesthesia,Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University,Luoyang 471000,China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the influence of sevoflurane as pretreatment on pulmonary protection after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods 60 pediatric patients with congenital atrial/ventricular septal defects were selected and evenly divided into the sevoflurane group (the group S) and the control group (the group C) according to the random number table.After induction of the same dosage from the same anesthetic,inhalation of 5%-6% sevoflurane was firstly provided to maintain minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 30 miniutes in the group S, while in the group C,the effect compartment concentration was maintained in 2~4 μg/ml for 30 miniutes by venous infusion of propofol.After that,intubation anesthesia was performed.2 ml venous blood before extracorporeal circulation (T1),after extracorporeal circulation (T2),after one day surgery (T3),after three days surgery (T4) were drawn respectively in order to determine the content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results In comparison with the group C,the content of MDA and IL-6 at T2,T3 reduced in the group S (P<0.05) and there was a statistical difference of MDA and IL-6 at T4 of the two groups (P>0.05).The group C:MDA and IL-6 content at T2,T3 increased compared with T1 (P<0.05) while in the group S,the content of MDA and IL-6 increased,but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane as pretreatment plays a role of pulmonary protection by decreasing the production of MDA in blood in patients with CHD,stabilizing the content of IL-6,and reducing pulmonary oxidative damage and inflammation response in order to protect lung.endprint

[Key words] Sevoflurane;Congenital heart disease;Pulmonary protection

跟着体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)的开展,心脏外科技能也一日千里,但CPB带来的炎症反响和肺损害也是当时临床的难题。先天性心脏病的患儿年纪小,体重低,肺缺血缺氧耐受力差,术后炎性反响导致的肺水肿和低氧导致术后推迟拔管,延伸ICU停留时刻等。丙二醛(MDA)是脂质过氧化物的分化产品,在体外影响线粒体呼吸链复合物及线粒体内要害酶活性,使机体细胞膜的通透性和流动性发作改动,终究导致细胞结构和功用改动。检测血清中MDA的浓度可直接反映机体细胞受氧自由基进犯损坏的严峻程度[1],微观反映机体器官内细胞缺血缺氧受损的程度。IL-6属促炎性细胞因子,其浓度的升高可标明机体细胞炎症反响加剧,促进氧自由基开释和补体激活,导致炎症级联反响,然后损坏机体器官细胞,因而,IL-6的含量改变反映机体炎症的改变[2]。七氟醚是当时运用的新式吸入麻醉药,根底研讨标明,其有心、脑的维护效果,其血/气分配系数为0.63,吸入后很快到达肺泡最小浓度[3],因而本实验运用七氟醚对先天性心脏病患儿心脏手术麻醉预处理,经过检测手术不一起段MDA和IL-6的含量,阐明七氟醚对肺内细胞炎症反响维护的可能的分子机制。

1 材料与办法

1.1 一般材料

挑选择期行室距离、房距离残缺修补的患儿60例,年纪1~3岁,体重8~15 kg。将其按随机数字表法分为七氟醚组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组各30例,ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,扫除根底疾病和肺动脉高压。C组:女人18例,男性12例,室距离残缺20例,房距离残缺10例,年纪12~26(15.6)个月,均匀体重为12.4 kg;S组:女人17例,男性13例,室距离残缺18例,房距离残缺12例,年纪13~25(14.3)个月,均匀体重为11.6 kg。两组患儿的性别、年纪、体重、病种比较,差异无统计学含义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 麻醉办法

患者入室后敞开中心静脉通道,惯例监测有创血压,心电监护。两组诱导均选用咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,舒芬太尼0.3~0.4 μg/kg,哌库溴铵0.1~0.15 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg诱导气管插管,接Drag呼吸机,调整呼吸参数使潮气量为6~8 ml/kg,呼吸频率为18~25/min,保持呼气末二氧化碳分压为35~45 mm Hg。S组诱导后先给予3%~5%七氟醚(上海恒瑞医药,120 ml,批号为13121331)吸入,快速到达七氟醚最小肺泡浓度(MAC)4 MAC[4]后保持吸入至CPB开端,C组诱导后静脉注射丙泊酚保持效应室浓度2~4 μg/ml至CPB开端做对照,术中运用TCI泵注丙泊酚和舒芬太尼,连续追加少数哌库溴铵保持麻醉深度。

1.3 调查目标

CPB前(T1),CPB完毕(T2),术后1 d(T3),术后3 d(T4)别离抽取患儿的静脉血2 ml,检测血清MDA和IL-6的含量。

1.3.1 血清MDA浓度的测定 试剂盒由南京建成生物工程公司供给。抽取患者静脉血样2 ml,4℃下转速1500 r/min,离心10 min,取上清液,-80℃保存。选用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定血清MDA浓度。

1.3.2 IL-6含量的检测 试剂盒购于北京中杉公司。在T1,T2,T3,T4时刻点抽取静脉血2 ml,置入含有EDTA 30 μl和抑肽酶10 μl的试管在4℃下转速3000 r/min,10 min,取上清,-20℃保存。依照试剂盒过程进行检测。

1.4 统计学处理

2 成果

与C组比较,S组T2、T3的MDA、IL-6含量削减(P<0.05),两组T4的MDA、IL-6含量比较,差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。与T1的MDA、IL-6含量比较,C组T2、T3时其含量升高(P<0.05),S组T2、T3也升高,但差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)(表1)。

表1 两组各时刻点MDA和IL-6含量的比较(x±s)

与C组一起刻点比较,*P<0.05;与同组的T1比较,#P<0.05

3 评论

现在,肺部并发症依然是心血管手术首要的逝世原因之一。由于肺脏是体内仅有承受悉数回心血量的器官,所以心血管手术期间,肺遭到表里源性刺激最多,受损害的时机最多。七氟醚作为新式吸入麻醉药,已证明对心、脑、肺缺血再灌注有维护效果,机制尚不清楚。有研讨标明,七氟醚对心、脑、肺的维护是多重、杂乱的[5]。七氟醚预处理对成人心脏手术维护的研讨较多[6],一起证明,七氟醚可下降心脏事情的发病率和逝世率,并改进左心室功用[7],但婴幼儿较少。离体或在体的动物心脏,仅在缺血前给予0.5~2 MAC的吸入麻醉药,吸入预处理5~10 min,可缩小心肌梗死规模、促进顿抑心肌功用康复、削减心律失常等[8-10],其机制可能经过铲除细胞膜氧自由基,按捺细胞凋亡程序起效果。IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α同属促炎性细胞因子,其表达升高能够促进血管活性物质的发作及氧自由基的开释,并激活补体和中性粒细胞,促进中性粒细胞穿越血管内皮向安排中集聚,一起它们还相互效果构成许多正反馈环,导致所谓“炎症级联效应”的发作,反响的成果是炎症反响的继续和加剧[11-12]。丙泊酚是现在临床上运用最为广泛的静脉麻醉药物之一,广泛用于临床手术麻醉、冷静及辅佐镇痛医治,尤其是心血管手术,有其共同的脏器维护效果[13]。丙泊酚运用于心脏手术的麻醉现已作为世界通用的金规范。本实验经过运用七氟醚与经典静脉麻醉药丙泊酚对照,检测先天性心脏病患儿心脏手术不一起段的MDA和IL-6,成果显现,七氟醚组患儿在T2,T3时均比对照组低,阐明七氟醚预处理可能经过削减肺泡细胞的脂质过氧化及炎症反响,削减肺的缺血再灌损害,然后有用缩短患儿ICU停留时刻,加速其康复。endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Ge ZJ,Jiang GJ,Zhao YP,et al.Systemic perfluorohexane attenuates lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats:the role of heme oxygenase-1[J].Pharmacol Rep,2010, 62(1):170-177.

[2] 李杰,阎伟.炎症因子与血管损害的相关性研讨进展[J].有用医药杂志,2009,26(11):78-80.

[3] 张爱国,乐呈进.小剂量氯胺酮在新生儿全麻诱导中的运用[J].我国药师,2010,13(3):399-400.

[4] 马化鑫,周少丽,谢汉镔,等.不同剂量右旋美托咪啶对七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导的影响[J].我国临床药理学与医治学,2012,17(1):103-107.

[5] 陈洪涛,李宝金,雷春晓,等.不同浓度七氟醚后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损害的维护效果[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2012,12(28):1216-1219.

[6] De Hert S,Vlasselaers D,Barbé R,et al.A comparison of volatile and non volatile agents for cardioprotection during on-pump coronary surgery[J].2009,Anaesthesia,64(9):953-960.

[7] Soro M,Gallego L,Silva V,et al.Cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane and propofol during anaesthesia and the postoperative period in coronary bypass graft surgery:a double-blind randomised study[J].Eur J Anaesthesiol,2012, 29(12):561-569.

[8] Chrysostomou C,Schmitt CG.Dexmedetomidine:sedation analgesia and beyond[J].Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol,2008,4(5):619-627.

[9] Carollo DS,Nossaman BD,Ramadhyani U.Dexmedetomidine:areview of clinical applications[J].Curr Opin Anaesthesiol,2008,21(4):457-461.

[10] Wijeysundera DN,Bender JS,Beattie WS.Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2009,(4):CD004126.

[11] 马武华,吴一龙,林秋雄.单肺通气时IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α mRNA基因表达和乌司他汀的影响[J].我国病理生理杂志,2007,23(2):271-275.

[12] 王俊霞,高金贵,李浩,等.L-精氨酸对婴幼儿室距离残缺修补术中心肌缺血/再灌注损害的影响[J].有用儿科临床杂志,2007,22(13):1028-1030.

[13] 高烨,季永,张邓新.七氟烷或丙泊酚麻醉对晚年患者血清同型半胱氨酸以及与术后认知功用的影响[J].世界麻醉与复苏杂志,2013,34(4):311-314.

(收稿日期:2014-05-28 本文修改:许俊琴)endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Ge ZJ,Jiang GJ,Zhao YP,et al.Systemic perfluorohexane attenuates lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats:the role of heme oxygenase-1[J].Pharmacol Rep,2010, 62(1):170-177.

[2] 李杰,阎伟.炎症因子与血管损害的相关性研讨进展[J].有用医药杂志,2009,26(11):78-80.

[3] 张爱国,乐呈进.小剂量氯胺酮在新生儿全麻诱导中的运用[J].我国药师,2010,13(3):399-400.

[4] 马化鑫,周少丽,谢汉镔,等.不同剂量右旋美托咪啶对七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导的影响[J].我国临床药理学与医治学,2012,17(1):103-107.

[5] 陈洪涛,李宝金,雷春晓,等.不同浓度七氟醚后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损害的维护效果[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2012,12(28):1216-1219.

[6] De Hert S,Vlasselaers D,Barbé R,et al.A comparison of volatile and non volatile agents for cardioprotection during on-pump coronary surgery[J].2009,Anaesthesia,64(9):953-960.

[7] Soro M,Gallego L,Silva V,et al.Cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane and propofol during anaesthesia and the postoperative period in coronary bypass graft surgery:a double-blind randomised study[J].Eur J Anaesthesiol,2012, 29(12):561-569.

[8] Chrysostomou C,Schmitt CG.Dexmedetomidine:sedation analgesia and beyond[J].Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol,2008,4(5):619-627.

[9] Carollo DS,Nossaman BD,Ramadhyani U.Dexmedetomidine:areview of clinical applications[J].Curr Opin Anaesthesiol,2008,21(4):457-461.

[10] Wijeysundera DN,Bender JS,Beattie WS.Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2009,(4):CD004126.

[11] 马武华,吴一龙,林秋雄.单肺通气时IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α mRNA基因表达和乌司他汀的影响[J].我国病理生理杂志,2007,23(2):271-275.

[12] 王俊霞,高金贵,李浩,等.L-精氨酸对婴幼儿室距离残缺修补术中心肌缺血/再灌注损害的影响[J].有用儿科临床杂志,2007,22(13):1028-1030.

[13] 高烨,季永,张邓新.七氟烷或丙泊酚麻醉对晚年患者血清同型半胱氨酸以及与术后认知功用的影响[J].世界麻醉与复苏杂志,2013,34(4):311-314.

(收稿日期:2014-05-28 本文修改:许俊琴)endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Ge ZJ,Jiang GJ,Zhao YP,et al.Systemic perfluorohexane attenuates lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats:the role of heme oxygenase-1[J].Pharmacol Rep,2010, 62(1):170-177.

[2] 李杰,阎伟.炎症因子与血管损害的相关性研讨进展[J].有用医药杂志,2009,26(11):78-80.

[3] 张爱国,乐呈进.小剂量氯胺酮在新生儿全麻诱导中的运用[J].我国药师,2010,13(3):399-400.

[4] 马化鑫,周少丽,谢汉镔,等.不同剂量右旋美托咪啶对七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导的影响[J].我国临床药理学与医治学,2012,17(1):103-107.

[5] 陈洪涛,李宝金,雷春晓,等.不同浓度七氟醚后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损害的维护效果[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2012,12(28):1216-1219.

[6] De Hert S,Vlasselaers D,Barbé R,et al.A comparison of volatile and non volatile agents for cardioprotection during on-pump coronary surgery[J].2009,Anaesthesia,64(9):953-960.

[7] Soro M,Gallego L,Silva V,et al.Cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane and propofol during anaesthesia and the postoperative period in coronary bypass graft surgery:a double-blind randomised study[J].Eur J Anaesthesiol,2012, 29(12):561-569.

[8] Chrysostomou C,Schmitt CG.Dexmedetomidine:sedation analgesia and beyond[J].Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol,2008,4(5):619-627.

[9] Carollo DS,Nossaman BD,Ramadhyani U.Dexmedetomidine:areview of clinical applications[J].Curr Opin Anaesthesiol,2008,21(4):457-461.

[10] Wijeysundera DN,Bender JS,Beattie WS.Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2009,(4):CD004126.

[11] 马武华,吴一龙,林秋雄.单肺通气时IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α mRNA基因表达和乌司他汀的影响[J].我国病理生理杂志,2007,23(2):271-275.

[12] 王俊霞,高金贵,李浩,等.L-精氨酸对婴幼儿室距离残缺修补术中心肌缺血/再灌注损害的影响[J].有用儿科临床杂志,2007,22(13):1028-1030.

[13] 高烨,季永,张邓新.七氟烷或丙泊酚麻醉对晚年患者血清同型半胱氨酸以及与术后认知功用的影响[J].世界麻醉与复苏杂志,2013,34(4):311-314.

(收稿日期:2014-05-28 本文修改:许俊琴)endprint

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