体外循环心脏手术术中严峻低钾:微型体外循环对心脏手术术后影响的meta剖析

养生
中国现代医生
2018年11月28日 22:12

王新宽等

[摘要] 意图 点评微型体外循环与传统体外循环对心脏手术术后死亡率与不良心血管事情的影响。办法 选用Cochrane体系点评办法,检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane database数据库,归入心脏手术术中微型体外循环与传统体外循环对术后影响的随机对照实验,选用RevMan 5.2软件进行数据剖析。 成果 共归入24个研讨共2770例患者。Meta剖析成果显现,与传统体外循环比较,微型体外循环可减低术后死亡率(OR 0.40,95%CI 0.18,0.88),差异有计算学含义;与传统体外循环比较,微型体外循环可下降术后心肌梗死发病率(OR 0.33,95%CI 0.12,0.90)、下降输血率(OR 0.24,95%CI 0.16, 0.37)、下降心衰的发作率(OR 0.52,95%CI 0.32,0.84)、下降术后房颤的发作率(OR 0.66,95%CI 0.48,0.91)等不良心血管事情,差异均有计算学含义。 定论 心脏手术术中运用微型体外循环可下降术后的死亡率及不良心血管事情的发作率。

[关键词] 微型体外循环;心脏手术;Meta剖析

[中图分类号] R608 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)33-0155-06

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the impact of minimal extracorporeal circulation (MECC) compared to conventional extracorporeal circulation(CECC) on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing heart surgery. Methods Used Cochrane systemic review, we conducted systematic search of Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases to include randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of MECC vs. CECC in patients with heart surgery. RevMan 5.2 software was used for data analysis. Results Twenty-four prospective RCTs have been included (2770 patients). MECC significantly decrease mortality(OR 0.40,95%CI 0.18,0.88). And MECC significantly decrease postoperative myocardial infarction(OR 0.33,95%CI 0.12,0.90), need for red blood cell transfusion(OR 0.24,95%CI 0.16,0.37), need for inotropic support(OR 0.52,95%CI 0.32,0.84), and postoperative atrial fibrillation(OR 0.66,95%CI 0.48, 0.91). Conclusion Using of MECC in heart surgery resulted in improved short-term outcome as reflected by reduced mortality and morbidity compared with CECC.

[Key words] Minimal extracorporeal circulation; Heart surgery; Meta-analysis

跟着医学的前进,心脏的各种手术量不断增多,如冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜置换术,均能够明显改进患者的预后,延伸患者的预期寿数[1-3]。心脏的手术过程中虽然部分患者可采纳不断跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,可是,因为解剖的特色、技能的水平、远期预后和特别疾病的约束等原因,体外循环辅佐仍然是必不可少的[4,5],能够在手术的过程中对血液和其他安排器官起到重要的维护作用[6-11]。可是,在体外循环之后,因为与外源性物品发作触摸,常常会引起全身炎症反响综合征、凝血级联反响,终究导致手术发作严峻的并发症[3,12,13]。跟着微型体外循环技能在心脏外科手术过程中的运用,心脏手术术后预后有了进一步的进步[2,14]。可是,关于微型体外循环技能仍具有必定的争议性,临床作用值得进一步评论[4,5,15,16]。本研讨拟选用体系点评的办法,点评微型体外循环技能对心脏手术术后死亡率和并发症的影响,以期为临床医治计划的拟定供给根据。

1 材料与办法

1.1 归入规范

归入的研讨类型需为随机对照或半随机对照实验,语种不限;研讨目标为心脏手术患者,一切患者在手术的过程中均需求辅佐体外循环技能(传统体外循环/微型体外循环);调查组干涉办法为心脏手术过程中辅佐微型体外循环技能,对照组干涉办法为心脏手术过程中辅佐传统体外循环技能;成果目标为术后死亡率及术后的不良反响。

1.2文献检索

以“heart surgery AND extracorporeal circulation AND randomized trial”检索Pubmed(1966~2014年2月)、Embase(1970~2014年2月)和Cochrane database(1990~2014年2月)数据库。两个作者独立挑选所获取的文献,如遇不共同评论处理。endprint

1.3数据提取与质量点评

首要提取以下材料:研讨的基本情况、两组患者的基线材料和疾病情况、干涉办法、对照办法、成果目标。归入研讨的质量据Cochrane 点评手册进行点评,首要点评以下条目:随机数字的发作、分配躲藏、盲法、成果数据完整性、挑选性陈述、其他偏倚。

1.4计算学剖析

数据剖析选用RevMan 5.2软件进行剖析。对二分类变量的成果目标,选用比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%CI)描绘。选用I2查验进行异质性剖析,若I2<50%,以为没有异质性,选用固定效应模型,反之则选用随机效应模型。查验水平为α=0.05。

2成果

2.1检索成果及归入研讨的一般特征

开始检索取得1634条文献,扫除重复文献、总述、病例陈述、动物实验等,终究归入24个研讨[1-3,6-9,12-14,17-30](图1)。归入24个研讨,共2770例心脏手术患者,1387例心脏手术患者承受微型体外循环辅佐手术,1383例患者承受传统体外循环辅佐手术。归入研讨的患者基线水平较共同,临床异质性较小。一切研讨均报导了术后死亡率,6个研讨重视了术后心肌梗死发作率,7个研讨重视了术后输血率,7个研讨重视了心衰需强心药物率,9个研讨重视了术后房颤的发作率。一切研讨都提及随机和盲法,可是均未描绘随机的办法,一切研讨均未提及分配躲藏,18个研讨报导了失访。

2.2 Meta剖析的成果

一切研讨均重视了心脏手术术后死亡率,与传统体外循环比较较,微型体外循环的心脏术后的死亡率更低(OR 0.40,95%CI 0.18,0.88)(图2),成果有计算学含义。与传统体外循环比较,微型体外循环心脏手术组的各种不良事情发作率更低,包含心肌梗死的发病率(OR 0.33,95%CI 0.12,0.90)(图3)、下降输血率(OR 0.24,95%CI 0.16,0.37)(图4)、下降心衰的发作率(OR 0.52,95% CI 0.32,0.84)(图5)、下降术后房颤的发作率(OR 0.66,95% CI 0.48,0.91)(图6),成果均有计算学含义。

3 评论

本研讨是根据24个前瞻性随机对照实验的meta剖析,共2770例患者。本研讨成果显现,关于心脏手术术中辅佐微型体外循环,可明显下降患者术后的死亡率,一起对削减术后不良反响包含心梗发作率、输血率、心衰率和房颤发作率及术后的康复具有活跃的作用。meta剖析能够进步计算学精确性和计算学效能,能够添加样本量,削减假阳性的可能性,因而在点评干涉办法的作用和安全性上具有共同的优势。本研讨是国内榜首个全面点评微型体外循环和传统体外循环的meta剖析,通过全面检索,全面搜集当时一切的随机对照实验,可对微型体外循环和传统体外循环作用和安全性差异进行全面剖析、点评和比较。

研讨显现,微型体外循环较传统体外循环能够削减术后死亡率、术后不良反响,这可能是因为微型体外循环较传统体外循环能够削减术后的炎症反响,一起防止术后凝血反常[14,22,24]。与传统的体外循环技能比较,微型体外循环体系为密闭式,防止了血液与空气触摸面,运用肝素涂层管路,有用地减小血液在回路中的触摸面积[5,15,31]。一起,其将术区血液通过处理后再回输体内,削减各种炎症因子的入血,能够防止全身炎症反响,一起可明显下降患者术后凝血紊乱和补体的激活,削减各种并发症的发作[11,32]。因微型体外循环能够削减术中失血,故其能够明显下降术后的输血率[6,9,12,23,25,26]。

本研讨归入24个研讨,共2770例患者,归入的研讨较多,成果的可信度更高。可是本研讨具有必定的局限性:榜首:归入的研讨质量良莠不齐。大都研讨为报导详细的盲法及分配躲藏,研讨的质量较低,阐明研讨可能存在较高的危险偏倚,进而影响研讨的成果。随机对照实验采纳必定的办法进行随机,是为了确保两组患者之间的可比性,可是现在一切的研讨均提及随机,并没有详细描绘随机办法,这意味着这些研讨可能存在着危险偏倚。第二:本研讨仅归入英文文献,并没有归入中文文献;一起,本研讨只归入宣布的研讨,并没有联络作者和相关组织,寻觅未宣布的研讨或许正在进行的研讨,这意味着本meta剖析可能存在着挑选偏倚。第三:大大都归入研讨的患者为轻中度患者,归入的研讨随访时刻较短,这就意味着微型体外循环与传统体外循环在重度心脏病患者中的作用尚不可知,两者远期的作用并不清楚。患者的心脏病程度和随访时刻约束了本meta剖析的外部真实性及可推广性。

本研讨标明,微型体外循环能够有用下降心脏手术术后的死亡率,一起削减术后不良事情的发作。本研讨根据24个随机对照实验,总样本量2770例,因而本研讨具有较高的计算效能和精确性,可是本研讨归入的患者为轻中度患者,随访时刻段,这就意味着本研讨的成果可适用于轻中度患者,关于重度患者,本研讨的成果要稳重运用。本研讨的成果局限于近期作用,因而两者的远期作用并不清楚。未来的研讨应该点评两者在重度患者中的作用和安全性,一起对两者的远期作用应该进行点评。

因为本研讨归入研讨质量遍及较低,因而未来的研讨应该进步随机对照实验的质量,一起添加随访时刻,详细陈述完结的随机对照实验的详细细节。

本研讨标明,微型体外循环能够有用下降心脏手术术后的死亡率,一起削减术后不良事情的发作。因为本研讨归入研讨质量遍及较低,因而在未来的研讨中应该选用高质量、大样本的随机对照实验,点评微型体外循环对心脏手术术后的影响。

[参考文献]

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[15] Anastasiadis K,Antonitsis P,Haidich AB,et al. Use of minimal extracorporeal circulation improves outcome after heart surgery;A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Int J Cardiol,2013,164(2):158-169.

[16] Anastasiadis K,Fragoulakis V,Antonitsis P,et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting with minimal versus conventional extracorporeal circulation,An economic analysis[J]. Int J Cardiol,2013,168(6):5336-5343.

[17] Abdel Aal M,ElNahal N,Bakir BM,et al. Mini-cardiopulmonary bypass impact on blood conservation strategy in coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg,2011,12(4):600-604.

[18] Abdel-Rahman U,Ozaslan F,Risteski PS,et al. Initial experience with a minimized extracorporeal bypass system:Is there a clinical benefit?[J]. Ann Thorac Surg,2005,80(1):238-243.

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[20] Bauer A,Diez C,Schubel J,et al. Evaluation of hemodynamic and regional tissue perfusion effects of minimized extracorporeal circulation (MECC)[J]. J Extra Corpor Technol,2010,42(1):30-39.

[21] Bical OM,Fromes Y,Gaillard D,et al. Comparison of the inflammatory response between miniaturized and standard CPB circuits in aortic valve surgery[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2006,29(5):699-702.

[22] Camboni D,Schmidt S,Philipp A,et al. Microbubble activity in miniaturized and in conventional extracorporeal circulation[J]. ASAIO J,2009,55(1): 58-62.

[23] Fromes Y,Gaillard D,Ponzio O,et al. Reduction of the inflammatory response following coronary bypass grafting with total minimal extracorporeal circulation[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2002,22(4):527-533.

[24] Huybregts RA,Morariu AM,Rakhorst G,et al. Attenuated renal and intestinal injury after use of a mini-cardiopulmonary bypass system[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2007,83(5):1760-1766.endprint

[25] Kutschka I,Skorpil J,El Essawi A,et al. Beneficial effects of modern perfusion concepts in aortic valve and aortic root surgery[J]. Perfusion,2009,24(1):37-44.

[26] Ohata T,Mitsuno M,Yamamura M,et al. Beneficial effects of mini-cardiopulmonary bypass on hemostasis in coronary artery bypass grafting:Analysis of inflammatory response and hemodilution[J]. ASAIO J,2008,54(2): 207-209.

[27] Remadi JP,Rakotoarivello Z,Marticho P,et al. Aortic valve replacement with the minimal extracorporeal circulation (Jostra MECC System) versus standard cardiopulmonary bypass:A randomized prospective trial[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2004,128(3):436-441.

[28] Valtonen M,Vahasilta T,Kaila-Keinanen T,et al. New mini-extracorporeal circulation system(ECC.O) is a safe technique in coronary surgery[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2007,41(5):345-350.

[29] Benedetto U,Luciani R,Goracci M,et al. Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass and acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J]. Ann Thorac Surg,2009,88(2):529-535.

[30] Wippermann J,Albes JM,Hartrumpf M,et al. Comparison of minimally invasive closed circuit extracorporeal circulation with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and with off-pump technique in CABG patients: Selected parameters of coagulation and inflammatory system[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2005,28(1):127-132.

[31] Anastasiadis K,Asteriou C,Antonitsis P,et al. Enhanced recovery after elective coronary revascularization surgery with minimal versus conventional extracorporeal circulation:A prospective randomized study[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2013,27(5):859-864.

[32] Baikoussis NG,Papakonstantinou NA,Apostolakis E. The "benefits" of the mini-extracorporeal circulation in the minimal invasive cardiac surgery era[J]. J Cardiol,2014,63(6):391-396.

(收稿日期:2014-06-06)endprint

[25] Kutschka I,Skorpil J,El Essawi A,et al. Beneficial effects of modern perfusion concepts in aortic valve and aortic root surgery[J]. Perfusion,2009,24(1):37-44.

[26] Ohata T,Mitsuno M,Yamamura M,et al. Beneficial effects of mini-cardiopulmonary bypass on hemostasis in coronary artery bypass grafting:Analysis of inflammatory response and hemodilution[J]. ASAIO J,2008,54(2): 207-209.

[27] Remadi JP,Rakotoarivello Z,Marticho P,et al. Aortic valve replacement with the minimal extracorporeal circulation (Jostra MECC System) versus standard cardiopulmonary bypass:A randomized prospective trial[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2004,128(3):436-441.

[28] Valtonen M,Vahasilta T,Kaila-Keinanen T,et al. New mini-extracorporeal circulation system(ECC.O) is a safe technique in coronary surgery[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2007,41(5):345-350.

[29] Benedetto U,Luciani R,Goracci M,et al. Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass and acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J]. Ann Thorac Surg,2009,88(2):529-535.

[30] Wippermann J,Albes JM,Hartrumpf M,et al. Comparison of minimally invasive closed circuit extracorporeal circulation with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and with off-pump technique in CABG patients: Selected parameters of coagulation and inflammatory system[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2005,28(1):127-132.

[31] Anastasiadis K,Asteriou C,Antonitsis P,et al. Enhanced recovery after elective coronary revascularization surgery with minimal versus conventional extracorporeal circulation:A prospective randomized study[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2013,27(5):859-864.

[32] Baikoussis NG,Papakonstantinou NA,Apostolakis E. The "benefits" of the mini-extracorporeal circulation in the minimal invasive cardiac surgery era[J]. J Cardiol,2014,63(6):391-396.

(收稿日期:2014-06-06)endprint

[25] Kutschka I,Skorpil J,El Essawi A,et al. Beneficial effects of modern perfusion concepts in aortic valve and aortic root surgery[J]. Perfusion,2009,24(1):37-44.

[26] Ohata T,Mitsuno M,Yamamura M,et al. Beneficial effects of mini-cardiopulmonary bypass on hemostasis in coronary artery bypass grafting:Analysis of inflammatory response and hemodilution[J]. ASAIO J,2008,54(2): 207-209.

[27] Remadi JP,Rakotoarivello Z,Marticho P,et al. Aortic valve replacement with the minimal extracorporeal circulation (Jostra MECC System) versus standard cardiopulmonary bypass:A randomized prospective trial[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2004,128(3):436-441.

[28] Valtonen M,Vahasilta T,Kaila-Keinanen T,et al. New mini-extracorporeal circulation system(ECC.O) is a safe technique in coronary surgery[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2007,41(5):345-350.

[29] Benedetto U,Luciani R,Goracci M,et al. Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass and acute kidney injury in coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J]. Ann Thorac Surg,2009,88(2):529-535.

[30] Wippermann J,Albes JM,Hartrumpf M,et al. Comparison of minimally invasive closed circuit extracorporeal circulation with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and with off-pump technique in CABG patients: Selected parameters of coagulation and inflammatory system[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2005,28(1):127-132.

[31] Anastasiadis K,Asteriou C,Antonitsis P,et al. Enhanced recovery after elective coronary revascularization surgery with minimal versus conventional extracorporeal circulation:A prospective randomized study[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2013,27(5):859-864.

[32] Baikoussis NG,Papakonstantinou NA,Apostolakis E. The "benefits" of the mini-extracorporeal circulation in the minimal invasive cardiac surgery era[J]. J Cardiol,2014,63(6):391-396.

(收稿日期:2014-06-06)endprint

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