郭丽苹+尹丽+徐丹凤+陈宏甡
[摘要] 意图 评论超声检测伴发甲状腺癌桥本患者甲状腺安排弹性特征的运用价值。 办法 运用超声弹性成像技能分别对健康对照组及桥本病各组受试者进行甲状腺安排弹性应变比值(SR)剖析。 成果 桥本病各组与健康对照组比较,SR值均增高(P < 0.05)。桥本病组间比较:兼并恶性结节组与不兼并结节组及兼并良性结节组比较,SR值均增高(P < 0.05);兼并良性结节组与不兼并结节组比较,SR值无统计学含义(P > 0.05)。 定论 伴发甲状腺癌桥本患者的甲状腺安排弹性成像具有必定的特征性,实时超声安排弹性成像技能能够为桥本患者伴发甲状腺癌风险要素的猜测供给有价值的信息。
[关键词] 桥本甲状腺炎;甲状腺癌;实时超声弹性成像;超声查看
[中图分类号] R445.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)02-0081-03
Thyroid tissue elastography in Hashimotos thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer
GUO Liping1 YIN Li1 XU Danfeng2 CHEN Hongshen3
1.Department of Ultrosound, the Affiliatid Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China; 2.Department of Ultrosound, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China; 3.Department of General Surgery, the Affiliatid Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
[Abstract] Objective To determine the value of ultrasound diagnosis when measuring the elastic characteristics of thyroid tissue in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer. Methods Elastography was used to analyze the strain ratio(SR) of thyroid tissues for Hashimotos thyroiditis patients as well as the control group. Results SR in HT patients increased compared to control group(P < 0.05). SR in patients with malignant nodules increased compared to patients with no nodules and patients with benign nodules(P < 0.05). SR showed no difference between benign nodules and no nodules patients(P > 0.05). Conclusion Thyriod tissue elastography demonstrated distinct features in Hashimotos thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer. Real-time elastography can provide valuable information for risk factors predictions in Hashimotos thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer.
[Key words] Hashimotos thyroiditis; Thyroid cancer; Real-time ultrasonic elastography; Ultrasonography
桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimotos thyroiditis,HT)又称桥本病或慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,是一种较为常见的本身免疫性疾病。研讨发现,HT患者发作甲状腺癌的几率远远高于不伴有HT者[1],且多项研讨证明HT与甲状腺癌的发作具有相关性[2-4]。因而,HT患者伴发甲状腺癌的前期确诊是一个颇具挑战性的问题。本研讨运用超声弹性成像技能,剖析伴发甲状腺癌桥本患者的甲状腺安排弹性特征,旨在超声研讨HT伴发甲状腺癌的风险要素方面有所突破,然后为其前期确诊供给有价值的信息。
1 目标与办法
1.1 研讨目标
挑选2011年1月~2013年5月间就诊于大连大学隶属中山医院的门诊或住院患者。对照组:挑选甲状腺功用正常,并经印象学查看提示甲状腺未见反常的健康成年人30例,其中男3例,女27例,年纪(43.12±13.74)岁。HT组98例,均经甲状腺免疫功用查看和/或安排病理学查看确诊为桥本甲状腺炎且甲状腺功用正常,未曾承受甲状腺素类药物医治,并依据是否兼并结节及结节性质分为三组:HT不兼并结节组32例,男4例,女28例,年纪(43.59±13.49)岁,经血清甲状腺免疫功用查看和/或穿刺安排病理学查看确诊为桥本甲状腺炎,印象学查看证明甲状腺无结节性病变;HT兼并良性结节组34例,男5例,女29例,年纪(42.60±13.85)岁,经外科手术后病理证明为HT兼并良性结节;HT兼并恶性结节组32例,男4例,女28例,年纪(41.27±14.23)岁,经术后病理查看确诊为桥本甲状腺炎兼并甲状腺癌。endprint
1.2 仪器
选用日本HITACHI Preirus五颜六色多普勒超声确诊仪,运用L73S9-4探头,探头频率5~13 MHz。操作者相对固定,设备内置超声弹性成像处理剖析软件,可主动定量剖析安排弹性应变参数,无批间差异。
1.3 研讨办法
受试者去枕仰卧,颈部垫高。运用二维超声查看甲状腺,行多切面扫查甲状腺结构,选取腺体横切面发动弹性成像(兼并结节者选取患侧甲状腺),设定感兴趣区(ROI),感兴趣区应包含一部分甲状腺腺体(该部分腺体内无结节)、颈前软安排及颈动脉。适度手动加压,使压力曲线坐落界限之内,手动频率约2次/s,待压力曲线安稳4~5 s后对图画进行弹性成像剖析,丈量甲状腺腺体与同深度颈前软安排的弹性应变比值(SR)。见图1~4。
SR=B/A,A标明感兴趣区域内病变安排的均匀应变率,B标明感兴趣区域内颈前软安排的均匀应变率。
1.4 统计学办法
选用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学剖析。计量材料用均数±标准差(x±s)标明,多组间计量材料选用单要素方差剖析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
2.1 一般材料的组间比较
各组间的性别、年纪、甲状腺功用(游离T3、游离T4、促甲状腺激素TSH)参数比较均无统计学含义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
2.2 RTE检测成果
HT各组与对照组比较,同侧同一深度的甲状腺腺体与颈前软安排SR值均增高,差异有统计学含义(P < 0.05)。HT组间比较:HT兼并恶性结节组与不兼并结节组及兼并良性结节组比较,SR值均增高,差异有统计学含义(P < 0.05);HT兼并良性结节组与不兼并结节组SR值比较,差异无统计学含义(P > 0.05)。见表2。
表2 各组间甲状腺安排弹性应变参数(SR)比较(x±s)
注:#与对照组比较,P < 0.05;*与HT无结节组比较,P > 0.05;★与HT兼并良性结节组及HT无结节组比较,P < 0.05
3 评论
桥本甲状腺炎(HT),作为一种甲状腺本身免疫性疾病,它的发作、开展具有动态演化的特色,依其开展时期不同而发作杂乱多变的临床表现。近年来,有研讨标明[5],HT兼并甲状腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势。Gaskin D等[6]研讨显现,患HT的病程与甲状腺癌的发作具有相关性,患HT的病程越长,演化为甲状腺癌的风险性越大。因为HT病程较长,演化藏匿,加之遭到患者甲状腺安排本身质地的影响,当其伴发甲状腺癌、特别是直径<1 cm的细小癌时,临床医师很难经过触诊做出判别。因而,HT兼并甲状腺癌的前期精确确诊具有重要临床价值。
超声查看作为一种简洁、精确、无创、重复性好的印象学查看办法,已经成为甲状腺疾病的首选检测手法而广泛运用于临床。可是,因为传统的超声成像是根据人体各安排间的声阻抗不同而出现不同的灰阶来区别不同的安排结构,当被检安排的声阻抗差不显着时,就会出现相同的灰阶显像,即“同图异质”现象,给某些疾病的确诊及辨别确诊带来了必定的局限性。RTE技能作为一种新式的超声查看手法,以其共同的成像办法成为传统超声成像技能缺憾的一种有用补偿,在疾病的无创确诊中日益凸显其优势,其成像原理是对安排施加一个内部(包含本身的)或外部的动态或静态的鼓励,使用超声成像办法,结合数字信号处理或数字图画处理技能,以灰阶或五颜六色编码成像,点评在弹性力学及生物力学的物理规则效果下,安排内部的呼应状况[7],因而,能够较好地提示所研讨目标的安排弹性特征,然后判别其安排硬度,进而在揣度病灶良恶性方面起到十分重要的效果。
人体安排受压发作形变时,超声射频回波发作相应的时延。经过这种时延能够得到安排内部各部分的位移数据,使用复合自相关法即可演算出全体及每个部分的应变状况,即SR值。选取同深度的正常安排与病灶安排进行SR值丈量,才干确保被检的安排所承受的外力效果是相同的,才干真实客观、精确反映被查看安排间的相对硬度[8]。本研讨显现,HT组与健康对照组的同侧同深度甲状腺安排与颈前软安排比较,SR值(B/A)增高,阐明正常甲状腺安排质地较软,弹性应变率较高(B值增高),这与其充溢很多胶质成分的滤泡结构组成有关;而HT的病理改动使得正常滤泡结构遭到损坏,腺体安排发作纤维化,致使安排硬度增高,应变率减小(A值变小)[9]。
已有研讨显现,桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺癌,特别是甲状腺乳头状癌关系密切,其发作除与癌基因骤变、重排有关外,与其本身内分泌及免疫等机体自安稳体系调控反常密切相关,由此导致甲状腺滤泡发作变性、滤泡上皮细胞增生甚至癌变[10,11]。当HT发作癌变后,甲状腺安排将进一步纤维化、萎缩、变硬,其均匀应变率随之减小。而HT伴发良性结节者,甲状腺安排结构中以很多淋巴细胞和浆细胞多见,较少发作纤维化,安排均匀应变率较大[12]。本组材料显现,HT兼并恶性结节组与不兼并结节组、兼并良性结节组比较,SR值均增高,而HT兼并良性结节组与不兼并结节的HT组比较,SR值无显着差异,阐明SR值能够作为HT病理演化进程的一个有价值监测目标。
因为HT的发作开展进程迁徙、藏匿且杂乱,其甲状腺安排结构的改变亦错综杂乱,尽管HT不同病理进程中表现出不同的安排弹性特征,可是现在没有发现精确判别其良恶性的临界值,因而,对HT患者的定时RTE随访十分必要,以便及时发现病变甲状腺安排硬度的反常改变。RTE作为前期发现甲状腺安排癌变的重要查看手法之一,其弹性应变的定量剖析检测能够为临床断定随访距离供给有价值的信息,进而为HT发作癌变的二级防备起到积极效果。
[参考文献]
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[4] Prasad M,Huang Y,Pellegata N,et al. Hashimotos thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC[J]. Histopathology,2004,45(1):39-46.
[5] Pasquale M,Rothstein J,Palazzo J. Pathologic features of Hashimotos associated papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Hum Pathol,2001,32(1):24-30.
[6] Gaskin D,Parai S,Parai M. Hashimotos thyroiditis with medullary carcinomas[J]. Can J Surg,1992,35(5):528-530.
[7] Shiina T,Yamakawa M,Nitta N,et al. Recent progress of ultrasound elasticity imaging technology[J].International Congress Series,2004,1274:59-63.
[8] Zhi H,Xiao XY,Yang HY,et al. Semiquantiating stiffness of breast soild lesion in ultrasonic elastography[J]. Acad Radiol,2008,15:1347-1353.
[9] Schiemann U,Avenhaus W,Konturek J,et al. Relationship of clinical features and laboratory parameters to thyroid echogenicity measured by standardized grey scale ultrasonography in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis[J].Med Sci Monit,2003,9(4):13-17.
[10] Intidhar Labidi S,Chaabouni AM,Kraiem T,et al. Thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto thyroiditis[J]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac,2006,123(4):175-178.
[11] 陈佳瑞,王家东. 桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺乳头状癌相关性的研讨发展[J]. 现代肿瘤医学,2009,17(12):2449-2451.
[12] 闫玉玺,原韶玲,杨立,等. 超声弹性成像评分法点评桥本甲状腺炎病程发展的可行性[J]. 中华医学超声杂志,2012,9(1):66-70.
(收稿日期:2013-10-25)endprint
[2] Ott RA,Mccall AR,Mchenry C,et al. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Hashimotos thyroiditis[J]. Am Surg,1999,53(8):442-445.
[3] Gul K,Dirikoc A,Kiyak G,et al. The association between thyroid carcinoma and Hashimotos thyroiditis: the ultrasonographic and histopathologic characteristics of malignant nodules[J]. Thyroid,2010,20(8):873-878.
[4] Prasad M,Huang Y,Pellegata N,et al. Hashimotos thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC[J]. Histopathology,2004,45(1):39-46.
[5] Pasquale M,Rothstein J,Palazzo J. Pathologic features of Hashimotos associated papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Hum Pathol,2001,32(1):24-30.
[6] Gaskin D,Parai S,Parai M. Hashimotos thyroiditis with medullary carcinomas[J]. Can J Surg,1992,35(5):528-530.
[7] Shiina T,Yamakawa M,Nitta N,et al. Recent progress of ultrasound elasticity imaging technology[J].International Congress Series,2004,1274:59-63.
[8] Zhi H,Xiao XY,Yang HY,et al. Semiquantiating stiffness of breast soild lesion in ultrasonic elastography[J]. Acad Radiol,2008,15:1347-1353.
[9] Schiemann U,Avenhaus W,Konturek J,et al. Relationship of clinical features and laboratory parameters to thyroid echogenicity measured by standardized grey scale ultrasonography in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis[J].Med Sci Monit,2003,9(4):13-17.
[10] Intidhar Labidi S,Chaabouni AM,Kraiem T,et al. Thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto thyroiditis[J]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac,2006,123(4):175-178.
[11] 陈佳瑞,王家东. 桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺乳头状癌相关性的研讨发展[J]. 现代肿瘤医学,2009,17(12):2449-2451.
[12] 闫玉玺,原韶玲,杨立,等. 超声弹性成像评分法点评桥本甲状腺炎病程发展的可行性[J]. 中华医学超声杂志,2012,9(1):66-70.
(收稿日期:2013-10-25)endprint
[2] Ott RA,Mccall AR,Mchenry C,et al. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Hashimotos thyroiditis[J]. Am Surg,1999,53(8):442-445.
[3] Gul K,Dirikoc A,Kiyak G,et al. The association between thyroid carcinoma and Hashimotos thyroiditis: the ultrasonographic and histopathologic characteristics of malignant nodules[J]. Thyroid,2010,20(8):873-878.
[4] Prasad M,Huang Y,Pellegata N,et al. Hashimotos thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC[J]. Histopathology,2004,45(1):39-46.
[5] Pasquale M,Rothstein J,Palazzo J. Pathologic features of Hashimotos associated papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Hum Pathol,2001,32(1):24-30.
[6] Gaskin D,Parai S,Parai M. Hashimotos thyroiditis with medullary carcinomas[J]. Can J Surg,1992,35(5):528-530.
[7] Shiina T,Yamakawa M,Nitta N,et al. Recent progress of ultrasound elasticity imaging technology[J].International Congress Series,2004,1274:59-63.
[8] Zhi H,Xiao XY,Yang HY,et al. Semiquantiating stiffness of breast soild lesion in ultrasonic elastography[J]. Acad Radiol,2008,15:1347-1353.
[9] Schiemann U,Avenhaus W,Konturek J,et al. Relationship of clinical features and laboratory parameters to thyroid echogenicity measured by standardized grey scale ultrasonography in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis[J].Med Sci Monit,2003,9(4):13-17.
[10] Intidhar Labidi S,Chaabouni AM,Kraiem T,et al. Thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto thyroiditis[J]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac,2006,123(4):175-178.
[11] 陈佳瑞,王家东. 桥本甲状腺炎与甲状腺乳头状癌相关性的研讨发展[J]. 现代肿瘤医学,2009,17(12):2449-2451.
[12] 闫玉玺,原韶玲,杨立,等. 超声弹性成像评分法点评桥本甲状腺炎病程发展的可行性[J]. 中华医学超声杂志,2012,9(1):66-70.
(收稿日期:2013-10-25)endprint