颈动脉内膜剥脱术:血浆蛋白Z与颈动脉内膜中层厚度在急性冠脉综合征中的临床意义

营养
中国现代医生
2018年11月23日 00:36

唐斌等

[摘要] 意图 研讨在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)中血浆蛋白Z(PZ)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的临床含义及其相关性。办法 挑选60例急性冠脉综合征患者(依照Gensini积分分为A、B、C三组),15例正常对照组受试者。采纳静脉血以ELISA办法查看PZ浓度,五颜六色B超进行颈动脉IMT查看。 成果 与对照组比较,ACS 组PZ显着下降(P<0.05),颈动脉IMT上升(P<0.05)。在ACS组内,跟着Gensini评分增高, PZ水平随Gensini积分的上升而下降,且组内间每两级之间均有显着性差异(P<0.05);而颈动脉IMT 则添加,组内每两级之间均有显着性差异(P<0.05)。定论 ACS的严峻度可能与PZ水平与呈负相关,而与颈动脉IMT呈正相关,标明PZ水平下降可能是ACS的一个独立风险要素,IMT厚度添加可能加剧ACS斑块的不稳定性,检测其水平可能有助于点评急性冠脉综合征的严峻度。

[关键词] 急性冠脉综合征;血浆蛋白Z;颈动脉内膜中层厚度

[中图分类号] R587.2 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)33-0039-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical significance and correlation of plasma protein Z and carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods Sixty acute coronary syndrome patients (according to the Gensini score were divided into A、B、C group), and 15 normal control subjects were recruited for this study. PZ levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, carotid IMTs were measured by B ultrasound measurement. Results Compared with the control group, PZ levels of ACS group significantly decreased (P<0.05),carotid artery IMTs significantly increased(P<0.05). In the ACS group, with the score of Gensini increased,PZ level decreased with the rising of Gensini score,and there were significant differences between each two groups(P<0.05);Carotid artery IMT increased with the rising of Gensini score,and there were significant differences between each two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The ACS severity is negatively correlated with PZ level, but positively correlated with carotid IMT,which shown that the reduction of PZ levels may be an independent risk factor of ACS, increased IMT may increase ACS plaque instability. Combined detection of PZ and carotid artery IMT may have an important valve in severity of the acute coronary syndrome.

[Key words] Acute coronary syndrome;Plasma protein Z;Carotid artery intima-media thickness

急性冠脉综合征是对人类生命安全及健康构成严峻风险的一种常见冠心病急危征,国内外研讨标明其发作与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定显着相关。近年来研讨显现PZ在ACS发作开展中的效果日益受到重视[1]。Selhub J等[2]研讨标明颈动脉IMT可能与ACS的严峻度之间存在显着相关性,可能是冠状动脉发作粥样硬化的前期体现之一。本文现拟就ACS与PZ、颈动脉IMT的相关性进行研讨,而且评论其临床含义。

1 材料与办法

1.1 临床材料

病例挑选:UA确诊参照2000年中华医学会主张的规范[3],AMI确诊参照2001年中华医学会AMI确诊和医治攻略[4];CAG阳性:CAG选用Judkins法,多角度行左、右CAG,至少一支首要血管狭隘程度≥50%为阳性,ACS患者组内依照Gensini评分体系进行等级区别,按积分核算分为A(G≤30)、B (3070)三组。所以研讨目标当选时经问询查看扫除:脑卒中、周围血管疾病,口服华法林和避孕药者,恶性肿瘤、严峻的肝肾功能不全、兼并感染疾病、糖尿病、本身免疫性结缔组织病,近期手术及外伤病史。按规范挑选60例于2013年6~12月在江西省人民医院住院的急性冠脉综合征患者,并经冠状动脉造影证明,男49例,女11例,年纪35~75岁,均匀(58.23±7.59)岁。正常对照组研讨目标15例,体检无高血压、糖尿病,心、肝、肾等疾病,冠状动脉造影、心电图和胸片查看均正常。男10例,女5例,年纪45~70岁,均匀(57.30±7.68)岁,两组一般状况相匹配,差异无显着性。

1.2 办法

1.2.1 PZ测定 ACS组病例在急性起病期2 h内采纳外周静脉血,正常对照组于第2日早晨空腹采纳外周静脉血;留取20 mL别离缓慢注入10 mL于肝素抗凝离心管、5 mL参加含乙二胺四乙酸二钠的塑料试管及5 mL于一般管中,摇匀后进行离心4 min,转速3 000 r/min留取上层清液,-80℃冰箱贮存待测。一切标本搜集后一批次检测,以此尽可能防止批间差错和丈量差错。PZ检测:试验前取出冰冻标本行快速复融,一切样本依照试剂盒与仪器运用说明书进行检测。

1.2.2 IMT测定 彩超机:日本东芝公司6000型,频率7.5 MHz。受试者采纳平卧头后仰位,头部充沛放松倾向对侧,由经验丰富的超声医生专人丈量。重复测定3次双侧颈内动脉及其分叉部、颈总动脉,调查内膜中层厚度,核算均匀值[5]。

1.3 统计学剖析

选用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计剖析,以均数±规范差(x±s)标明;组间比较行方差剖析,齐则选用t查验,Pearson 积差相关;不齐则选用秩和查验,Spearman 秩相关。两两比较选用Bonferroni办法。以P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。

3 评论

很多国内外材料报导PZ是首要由肝脏组成排泄的一种维生素K依靠的单链糖蛋白,研讨标明在Ca2+的参加下,PZ可在磷脂外表与FXa构成复合物并作为ZPI 的辅助因子在磷脂外表结合快速按捺FXa的活性[6],可提高ZPI活性近1000 倍,直接发挥抗凝效果[7]。Fedi等[8]报导,经过比较研讨223例ACS患者和265例健康对照组发现,ACS患者PZ水平显着下降(P<0.01),发现PZ水平低于565 ng/mL时与ACS显着相关,据此得出定论以为PZ缺少是ACS的独立发作要素。Sofi F等[10]研讨也以为PZ缺少是ACS的独立风险要素,其在2006年报导一随访研讨,其关于对ACS患者进行为期1年PZ水平的随访,成果显现随访1年后血浆PZ水平在比入院时显着下降,且发现入院时血浆PZ水平<609.3 ng/mL,其发作首要不良心脏事情(Major adverse cardiacevents;MACE)为19.5%,但是在未发作MACE的患者中份额为7.9%,研讨成果显现入院时1年后不良心脏事情与入院时低PZ水平存在显着相关性,别的从急性期到恢复期PZ水平逐步下降。国内学者潘学谊等[10]经过研讨比较40例AMI患者与60名健康对照者的PZ水平(1071.44±180.52 μg/L VS 2257.97±479.76 μg/L),发现类似的现象,AMI组PZ水平显着下降(P<0.01)。Greten J[11]等运用免疫组化办法对18例动脉血栓性疾病患者进行研讨,成果显现其大血管内皮细胞及粥样斑块中均有PZ堆积,与之相对应的是在正常对照组的血管内皮下结构及微血管内皮细胞中没有找到PZ堆积的依据,据此Greten J以为PZ可能与动脉粥样硬化损害及斑块的不稳定性存在必定联系。本研讨成果显现:与正常对照组比较,ACS 组PZ水平显着下降(P<0.05),而且跟着Gensini积分添加,其PZ水平下降且每两级间均有显着性差异(P<0.05),标明ACS风险与PZ水平相关,这与国内外前期相关研讨成果一起。

近年来国内外研讨报导,在冠状动脉和颈动脉二者发作动脉硬化的进程中存在某种内涵的一起机制,二者的发作显着相关性[12,13],颈动脉病变及其内膜中层厚度为猜测冠心病或其他血管栓塞性疾病存在及严峻性的独立风险性目标,别的因为具有很多长处,颈动脉超声是现在用于点评冠状动脉粥样病变程度的常用手法之一[14]。赵对等[15]对122例临床患者进行超声检测发现,颈动脉超声检测能够前期猜测冠状动脉粥样硬化,更可便利及时地检测出颈动脉粥样硬化病变。但是关于颈动脉IMT猜测点评ACS的严峻度的报导比较罕见。因而咱们展开了这一研讨,咱们经彩超丈量了60例ACS患者的颈动脉IMT,并与正常对照组比较发现,ACS 组颈动脉IMT上升,且跟着Gensini积分添加,颈动脉IMT添加,组内每两级之间均有显着性差异(P<0.05)。且颈动脉IMT与ACS患者Gensini积分呈正相相联系(P<0.01)。

综上所述,PZ水平下降预示ACS的风险性添加,乃ACS发作开展的一个独立的风险要素。颈动脉IMT添加预示ACS的严峻性添加,为ACS的一个前期猜测目标,联合检测PZ水平及颈动脉IMT值将有助于预示和判别ACS。

[参考文献]

[1] Almawi WY,Al-Shaikh FS,Melemedjian OK,et al. Protein Z,an anticoagulant protein with expanding role in reproductive biology[J]. Reproduction,2013,146(2):R73-80.

[2] Selhub J,Angelo A. Relationship between homocyateine and thrombotic disease[J]. Am J Med Sei,2008,316(2):129-135.

[3] 中华医学会心血管病学分会《中华心血管病杂志》修改委员会. 不稳定型心绞痛确诊和医治主张[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2000,28(6):409-412.

[4] 中华医学会心血管病学分会《中华心血管病杂志》修改委员会,《我国循环杂志》修改委员会,急性心肌梗死确诊和医治攻略[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2001,29(12):710-725.

[5] 李英,王娜,王海边,等. 不同风险分层急性冠脉综合征患者颈动脉血管病变程度研讨[J]. 河北医药,2014,36(18):2803-2805.

[6] Huang X,Yan Y,Tu Y,et al. Structural basis for catalytic activation of protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) by protein Z[J]. Blood,2012,120(8):1726-1733.

[7] Choi Q,Kim JE,Hyun J,et al. Contributions of procoagulants and anticoagulants to the international normalized ratio and thrombin generation assay in patients treated with warfarin: potential role of protein Z as a powerful determinant of coagulation assays[J]. Thromb Res,2013,132(1):e70-75.

[8] Fedi S,Sofi F,Brogi D,et al. Low protein Z plasma levels are independently associated with acute coronary syndromes[J]. Thromb Haemost,2003,90(6):1173-1178.

[9] Sofi F,Cesari F,Marcucci R,et al. Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes[J].Clin Chem Lab Med,2006,44(9):1098-1102.

[10] 潘学谊,丁彩屏,钟亮伊,等. 蛋白质Z检测在心脑血管疾病中的临床含义[J]. 中华血液学杂志,2004,11(25):671-674.

[11] Greten J,Kreis I,Liliemiek B,et al. Localisation of protein Z in vascular lesions of patients with atherosclerosis[J].Vasa,1998,27(3):144-148.

[12] 朱英,邓又斌,刘娅妮,等. 超声造影对颈动脉斑块重生血管密度与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病相关性的点评[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版),2014,10(9):741-745.

[13] Ahmadvazir S,Zacharias K,Shah BN,et al. Role of simultaneous carotid ultrasound in patients undergoing stress echocardiography for assessment of chest pain with no previous history of coronary artery disease[J]. Am Heart J,2014,168(2):229-236.

[14] Ikeda N,Araki T,Sugi K,et al.Ankle-brachial index and its link to automated carotid ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness variability in 500 Japanese coronary artery disease patients[J]. Curr Atheroscler Rep,2014, 16(3):393.

[15] 赵平,常培叶,刘喜,等. 颈动脉超声查看猜测冠状动脉硬化的价值[J]. 心血管恢复医学杂志,2013,22(1):71-73.

(收稿日期:2014-09-26)

[6] Huang X,Yan Y,Tu Y,et al. Structural basis for catalytic activation of protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) by protein Z[J]. Blood,2012,120(8):1726-1733.

[7] Choi Q,Kim JE,Hyun J,et al. Contributions of procoagulants and anticoagulants to the international normalized ratio and thrombin generation assay in patients treated with warfarin: potential role of protein Z as a powerful determinant of coagulation assays[J]. Thromb Res,2013,132(1):e70-75.

[8] Fedi S,Sofi F,Brogi D,et al. Low protein Z plasma levels are independently associated with acute coronary syndromes[J]. Thromb Haemost,2003,90(6):1173-1178.

[9] Sofi F,Cesari F,Marcucci R,et al. Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes[J].Clin Chem Lab Med,2006,44(9):1098-1102.

[10] 潘学谊,丁彩屏,钟亮伊,等. 蛋白质Z检测在心脑血管疾病中的临床含义[J]. 中华血液学杂志,2004,11(25):671-674.

[11] Greten J,Kreis I,Liliemiek B,et al. Localisation of protein Z in vascular lesions of patients with atherosclerosis[J].Vasa,1998,27(3):144-148.

[12] 朱英,邓又斌,刘娅妮,等. 超声造影对颈动脉斑块重生血管密度与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病相关性的点评[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版),2014,10(9):741-745.

[13] Ahmadvazir S,Zacharias K,Shah BN,et al. Role of simultaneous carotid ultrasound in patients undergoing stress echocardiography for assessment of chest pain with no previous history of coronary artery disease[J]. Am Heart J,2014,168(2):229-236.

[14] Ikeda N,Araki T,Sugi K,et al.Ankle-brachial index and its link to automated carotid ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness variability in 500 Japanese coronary artery disease patients[J]. Curr Atheroscler Rep,2014, 16(3):393.

[15] 赵平,常培叶,刘喜,等. 颈动脉超声查看猜测冠状动脉硬化的价值[J]. 心血管恢复医学杂志,2013,22(1):71-73.

(收稿日期:2014-09-26)

[6] Huang X,Yan Y,Tu Y,et al. Structural basis for catalytic activation of protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) by protein Z[J]. Blood,2012,120(8):1726-1733.

[7] Choi Q,Kim JE,Hyun J,et al. Contributions of procoagulants and anticoagulants to the international normalized ratio and thrombin generation assay in patients treated with warfarin: potential role of protein Z as a powerful determinant of coagulation assays[J]. Thromb Res,2013,132(1):e70-75.

[8] Fedi S,Sofi F,Brogi D,et al. Low protein Z plasma levels are independently associated with acute coronary syndromes[J]. Thromb Haemost,2003,90(6):1173-1178.

[9] Sofi F,Cesari F,Marcucci R,et al. Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes[J].Clin Chem Lab Med,2006,44(9):1098-1102.

[10] 潘学谊,丁彩屏,钟亮伊,等. 蛋白质Z检测在心脑血管疾病中的临床含义[J]. 中华血液学杂志,2004,11(25):671-674.

[11] Greten J,Kreis I,Liliemiek B,et al. Localisation of protein Z in vascular lesions of patients with atherosclerosis[J].Vasa,1998,27(3):144-148.

[12] 朱英,邓又斌,刘娅妮,等. 超声造影对颈动脉斑块重生血管密度与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病相关性的点评[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版),2014,10(9):741-745.

[13] Ahmadvazir S,Zacharias K,Shah BN,et al. Role of simultaneous carotid ultrasound in patients undergoing stress echocardiography for assessment of chest pain with no previous history of coronary artery disease[J]. Am Heart J,2014,168(2):229-236.

[14] Ikeda N,Araki T,Sugi K,et al.Ankle-brachial index and its link to automated carotid ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness variability in 500 Japanese coronary artery disease patients[J]. Curr Atheroscler Rep,2014, 16(3):393.

[15] 赵平,常培叶,刘喜,等. 颈动脉超声查看猜测冠状动脉硬化的价值[J]. 心血管恢复医学杂志,2013,22(1):71-73.

(收稿日期:2014-09-26)

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