上皮性卵巢癌中phospho—Src的表达及其临床意义

疾病
特别健康·下半月
2019年08月01日 01:17

上皮性卵巢癌中phosphoSrc的表达及其临床意义

梁美嫦等

【摘要】 背景与目的:本研究通过免疫组织化学法检测蛋白酪氨酸激酶c-Src的激活状态:phospho-Src(Tyr416)在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达,探讨c-Src激活与上皮性卵巢癌的关系及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法分别检测phospho-Src(Tyr416)在实验组及对照组的表达情况及差异,并分其表达水平与卵巢癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。所有数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:82例卵巢癌中,phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性表达率为23.2%,而对照组阳性表达率为0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)的表达水平与患者年龄、病理分级、临床分期呈负相关。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性组5年总生存率(94.7%)明显高于阴性组(58.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示phospho-Src(Tyr416)与患者预后呈负相关,是影响预后的独立因素。结论: c-Src激活可能与卵巢癌的发生有关。c-Src蛋白在Tyr416位点磷酸化激活可能仅发生在卵巢癌发展的早期阶段。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)可作为预后评价的指标之一。

【关键词】 上皮性卵巢肿瘤;phospho-Src(Tyr416);免疫组织化学法

【Abstract】 Objective:This study aimed to explore the expression patterns of phospho-Src (Tyr416) in epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods:Expression of phospho-Src (Tyr416) was examined using immunohistochemistry.Results:As compared to the control group, a significantly greater proportion of ovarian cancer tissues were positive for phospho-Src (Tyr416) (P<0.05). Phospho-Src (Tyr416) expression was negative correlated with the age, histological grade and FIGO stage.Conclusions:The increased phospho-Src (Tyr416) expression in epithelial ovarian cancer suggests that the activation of c-Src may play a role in carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer.Phospho-Src (Tyr416) expression was negative correlated with the age, histological grade and FIGO stage.This result suggests that phospho-Src (Tyr416) may only play a role in the early stage of ovarian cancer development.

【Key words】 Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasia; c-Kit; Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

【中图分类号】R737.31 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1005-0019(2014)03-0003-02

卵巢癌死亡率居妇科常见恶性肿瘤首位[1],此种肿瘤发展迅速,手术、化疗或放疗效果仍不满意。因此,深入研究卵巢癌发生、发展、转移等一系列信号转导机制,寻找与目前常用化疗药无交叉耐药性的低毒有效的新靶点药是提高卵巢癌生存率的重要手段之一。

C-Src为非受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶Src家族的成员之一, c-Src的异常表达和活化可以引起细胞生存、增生、游走和黏附的异常,导致细胞调控失调,进而引起细胞转化,参与肿瘤的发生和发展[2]。C-Src在Tyr416酪氨酸位点磷酸化可发挥最佳活性[3、4]。本研究通过检测416位酪氨酸磷酸化的c-Src(以下简称phospho-Src(Tyr416))在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达情况,初步分析c-Src激活在卵巢癌发生发展的作用及其与上皮性卵巢癌预后的关系。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

(1)卵巢癌组:

选取2001年1月~2006年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的上皮性卵巢癌患者82例。病例入组标准:①在中山大学肿瘤防治中心初治并经病理确诊的病例②行肿瘤细胞减灭术,术前未行放、化疗及其它治疗③有详细的临床病理资料及随访资料④无合并身体其它器官的肿瘤。年龄18~67岁,中位年龄47.5岁。

(2)对照组:

随机选择同期卵巢良性病变的囊壁25例及正常卵巢组织10例作为对照组。对照组患者年龄17~80岁,中位年龄36岁。正常卵巢组织取自因宫颈癌而切除附件的患者,所取正常卵巢组织均经病理证实无病变且包含正常卵巢上皮。

1.2 主要试剂:

Phospho-Src(Tyr416)兔抗人多克隆抗体(#2101)购自Cell Signaling公司。PV-9000通用型二步法检测试剂盒、一抗稀释液及DAB显色液等均购自北京中杉金桥生物有限公司。

1.3 检测方法:

采用PV-9000免疫组织化学二步法进行检测,本实验以PBS代替一抗作为阴性对照。

1.4 结果判断:

在免疫组化染色的切片上, phospho-Src(Tyr416)的阳性表达的黄色或棕黄色颗粒定位于细胞膜及细胞浆内。采用双盲法阅片,由两位病理科医生在高倍显微镜下随机选取10个视野,计算阳性细胞百分数(卵巢癌标本计数肿瘤细胞中阳性细胞比例,对照组标本计数正常卵巢上皮或良性病变的囊壁细胞中阳性细胞比例,阳性细胞<5%时,定为(-),5%-30%为(+),31%-55%为(++),56%-80%为(+++),>为80% (++++)。

1.5 随访情况:

患者随访采用病历跟踪,电话随访及信件随访的方式,随访截止日期为2012年12月1日。

1.6 统计学方法:

应用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析,以P<0.05为有统计学差异。采用卡方检验及Fisher确切概率法分析卵巢癌组和对照组之间phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达阳性率差异及其与不同临床病理特征的关系。采用log-Rank检验比较各临床病理参数组别间的生存率差异,对预后的多因素分析采用COX回归模型。

2 结果

2.1 Phospho-Src(Tyr416)在卵巢癌组及对照组中的表达:

Phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性表达的黄色或棕黄色颗粒见于细胞膜和胞浆中(见图1、2)。因正常卵巢组织例数较少,故将正常卵巢组与卵巢良性病变组合并为对照组进行统计分析。82例卵巢癌中,Phospho-Src(Tyr416)总的阳性表达率为23.2%,而在卵巢良性病变及正常卵巢组织中均无表达,差异有统计学意义(P =0.001)(见表1)。

2.3 Phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达对患者生存的影响:

82例卵巢癌患者,按Phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达情况分成阳性组和阴性组,阳性组5年累积生存率高于阴性组,分别为:94.7%、58.8%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达阳性组与阴性组生存曲线见图3。

2.4 多因素生存分析:

已有很多研究结果发现,患者年龄、FIGO分期、术后残留肿瘤大小、病理类型、组织学分级及术后化疗疗程数可能影响卵巢癌的预后,故本研究将这6个因素及phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达情况全部纳入COX回归模型进行多因素分析,结果显示:临床分期、phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达水平是影响上皮性卵巢癌独立的预后因素,其中phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达水平相对危险度为0.164,即phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达阳性的患者预后较好。

3 讨论

c-Src基因是人或动物细胞中固有的正常基因,在调控细胞的生长、发育、分化和其他生物学功能方面具有重要的作用。激酶域含正调节自磷酸化位点Y416,C端调节域含负调节磷酸化位点Y527[5]。研究表明,c-Src的表达在时空上的紊乱使其蛋白产物发生质和量的改变是肿瘤发生的重要原因。

关于c-Src蛋白与肿瘤关系的研究最初是在结肠癌中进行的,结果证明,结肠癌组织中c-Src的表达较癌周正常组织是明显升高的,且它的激活与恶性增殖的潜能有关[6-9]。也有研究发现在乳腺癌细胞、乳癌组织及鼠的乳腺癌模型中,c-Src蛋白激活状态表达有提高[10]。此外,在胰腺癌、食管癌、肺癌、头颈癌、胃癌中也发现c-Src蛋白的表达水平的升高[11-14]。但是,c-Src的过度表达和(或)活化对肿瘤细胞生长的影响还不十分清楚。关于c-Src激活与卵巢癌的关系在国内罕有研究,国外有Wiener等[15]在15例晚期卵巢癌组织和3例正常卵巢组织中检测c-Src表达情况,发现卵巢癌细胞株和晚期卵巢癌组织中可检测到c-Src表达,和正常卵巢上皮组织相比差异具有统计学意义。并发现c-Src蛋白的活化发生在细胞转化的晚期阶段,卵巢癌中高表达的蛋白多为活化形式,揭示Src与卵巢癌的发生有关。本研究应用免疫组化方法检测phospho-Src(Tyr416)在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达情况,结果显示phospho-Src(Tyr416)在卵巢癌中的表达率高于对照组。这提示c-Src蛋白Tyr416磷酸化激活可能与卵巢癌的发生有关。这一结果与Pengetnze[16]等人在细胞水平的研究结果相符合。Pengetnze使用免疫印迹分析法发现在鼠卵巢癌细胞系ID8中Src及Tyr418磷酸化的Src(即鼠激活形式的Src)均呈高表达状态,在ID8细胞产生的肿瘤组织中,用免疫组化方法检测到Src及Tyr418磷酸化的Src阳性表达,而在正常卵巢组织中无表达。本研究还发现卵巢癌患者中,phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达与患者年龄、组织学分级、临床分期相关,且在年龄较小、分化好、临床分期较早的患者phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性率反而越高。提示c-Src在Tyr416磷酸化这一激活途径可能仅发生在卵巢癌发展的早期阶段。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性组5年累积生存率明显高于阴性组,提示Phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性的卵巢癌患者后较好。而多因素生存分析亦显示phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达是影响上皮性卵巢癌预后的独立因素,其中phospho-Src(Tyr416)表达愈强,患者预后越好。提示Phospho-Src(Tyr416)可以作为判断卵巢癌患者预后的指标之一。

综上所述, c-Src的激活可能与卵巢癌的发生有关。C-Src蛋白在Tyr416位点磷酸化这一激活途径可能仅发生在卵巢癌发展的早期阶段。Phospho-Src(Tyr416)阳性的患者预后较好,提示它可能可以作为评估卵巢癌预后的参考指标之一。今后可尝试Src蛋白激酶的抑制剂用于上皮性卵巢癌中研究,期望可以为卵巢癌的治疗提供了新的靶点。

参考文献

[1] Yancik R., Ovarian cancer: age contrasts in incidence, histology disease stage at diagnosis and mortality [J].Cancer,1993,71(2):517-523

[2] Brown MT,Cooper JA.Regulation, substrates and functions of src [J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1996, 1287(2-3):121-149

[3] Jie Xie, Xingguo Gong,Dongyun Zeng.Progress in Src protein [J].Chinese Journal of pathophysiology.2003,19(8):1119-1124

[4] Bjorge JD, Jakymiw A, Fujita DJ.Selected glimpses into the activation and function of Src kinase[J].Oncogene, 2000,19(49):5620-5635

[5] Frame M C, Fincham V J, Carragher N O,et al.v-Srcs hold overactin and cell adhesions [J].Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2002, 3(2):233-245

[6] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[7] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[8] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[9] Muthaswamy S K, Siegel P M, Dankort D L,et al.Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-src tyrosine kinase activity [J].Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14(1):735-743

[10] Verbeek B S, Vroom T M, Adriaansen-Slot S S, et al.c-Src protein expression is increased in human breast cancer.An immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis [J].J Pathol, 1996,180(4): 383-388

[11] Egan C, Pang A, Durda D,et al.Activation of Src in human breast tumor cell lines: elevated levels of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity that preferentially recognizes the Src carboxy terminal negative regulatory tyrosine 530.Oncogene 1999,18(5): 1227-1237

[12] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[13] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[14] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[15] Wiener JR, Windham C, Veronica C, et al.Activated src protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in late-stage human ovarian cancers [J]Gynecologic Oncology, 2003, 88(1):73-79

[16] Pengetnze Y, Steed M, Roby KF, et al.Src tyrosine kinase promotes survival and resistance to chemotherapeutics in a mouse ovarian cancer cell line[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 309(8):377-383

参考文献

[1] Yancik R., Ovarian cancer: age contrasts in incidence, histology disease stage at diagnosis and mortality [J].Cancer,1993,71(2):517-523

[2] Brown MT,Cooper JA.Regulation, substrates and functions of src [J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1996, 1287(2-3):121-149

[3] Jie Xie, Xingguo Gong,Dongyun Zeng.Progress in Src protein [J].Chinese Journal of pathophysiology.2003,19(8):1119-1124

[4] Bjorge JD, Jakymiw A, Fujita DJ.Selected glimpses into the activation and function of Src kinase[J].Oncogene, 2000,19(49):5620-5635

[5] Frame M C, Fincham V J, Carragher N O,et al.v-Srcs hold overactin and cell adhesions [J].Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2002, 3(2):233-245

[6] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[7] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[8] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[9] Muthaswamy S K, Siegel P M, Dankort D L,et al.Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-src tyrosine kinase activity [J].Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14(1):735-743

[10] Verbeek B S, Vroom T M, Adriaansen-Slot S S, et al.c-Src protein expression is increased in human breast cancer.An immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis [J].J Pathol, 1996,180(4): 383-388

[11] Egan C, Pang A, Durda D,et al.Activation of Src in human breast tumor cell lines: elevated levels of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity that preferentially recognizes the Src carboxy terminal negative regulatory tyrosine 530.Oncogene 1999,18(5): 1227-1237

[12] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[13] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[14] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[15] Wiener JR, Windham C, Veronica C, et al.Activated src protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in late-stage human ovarian cancers [J]Gynecologic Oncology, 2003, 88(1):73-79

[16] Pengetnze Y, Steed M, Roby KF, et al.Src tyrosine kinase promotes survival and resistance to chemotherapeutics in a mouse ovarian cancer cell line[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 309(8):377-383

参考文献

[1] Yancik R., Ovarian cancer: age contrasts in incidence, histology disease stage at diagnosis and mortality [J].Cancer,1993,71(2):517-523

[2] Brown MT,Cooper JA.Regulation, substrates and functions of src [J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1996, 1287(2-3):121-149

[3] Jie Xie, Xingguo Gong,Dongyun Zeng.Progress in Src protein [J].Chinese Journal of pathophysiology.2003,19(8):1119-1124

[4] Bjorge JD, Jakymiw A, Fujita DJ.Selected glimpses into the activation and function of Src kinase[J].Oncogene, 2000,19(49):5620-5635

[5] Frame M C, Fincham V J, Carragher N O,et al.v-Srcs hold overactin and cell adhesions [J].Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2002, 3(2):233-245

[6] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[7] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[8] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[9] Muthaswamy S K, Siegel P M, Dankort D L,et al.Mammary tumors expressing the neu proto-oncogene possess elevated c-src tyrosine kinase activity [J].Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14(1):735-743

[10] Verbeek B S, Vroom T M, Adriaansen-Slot S S, et al.c-Src protein expression is increased in human breast cancer.An immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis [J].J Pathol, 1996,180(4): 383-388

[11] Egan C, Pang A, Durda D,et al.Activation of Src in human breast tumor cell lines: elevated levels of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity that preferentially recognizes the Src carboxy terminal negative regulatory tyrosine 530.Oncogene 1999,18(5): 1227-1237

[12] Kumble S, Omary M B, Cartwright C A, et al.Src activation in malignant and premalignant epithelia of Barretts esophagus G [J].Gastroenterology 1997,112(2): 348-356

[13] Van Oijen M G, Rijksen G, ten Broek F W, et al.Overexpression of c-Src in areas of hyperproliferation in head and neck cancer, premalignant lesions and benign mucosal disorders[J].J Oral Pathol Med.1998,27(4):147-152

[14] Takeshima E, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe T, et al.Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells[J].Jpn J Cancer Res.1991, 82(12):1428-1435

[15] Wiener JR, Windham C, Veronica C, et al.Activated src protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in late-stage human ovarian cancers [J]Gynecologic Oncology, 2003, 88(1):73-79

[16] Pengetnze Y, Steed M, Roby KF, et al.Src tyrosine kinase promotes survival and resistance to chemotherapeutics in a mouse ovarian cancer cell line[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 309(8):377-383

健康之友©部分网站内容来自网络,如有侵权请联系我们,立即删除!
文章 椎管 卵巢癌
你该读读这些:一周精选导览
更多内容...

TOP

More